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Jacques Verger (Paris) teaching the abovementioned scientific disciplines in Muslim communi- ties were Bukhara (Glick , 88; for the date of Ibn Sina’s flight from Bukhara see dom (ʿilmiyye) could take place (el-Rouayheb , –28; Beyazıt Petitioning helped to speed up one’s career, as did the promo-​.

In January , four days after the terror attack on the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, an estimated 1. Viktor Orban was one of 40 world leaders at their head, standing in solidarity for freedom of expression and against terror. Different countries drew different conclusions from the Charlie Hebdo murders, and later terror attacks. The troubled family background of the perpetrators, their upbringing in an orphanage, the radicalisation they succumbed to – all these were of no interest to Orban.

We do not want to see significantly sized minorities with different cultural characteristics and backgrounds among us. We want to keep Hungary as Hungary. It was a narrative that Orban had used before but then started to exploit tirelessly to win votes at home. In and , in addition to a wave of terror attacks, Europe faced another challenge – the arrival of hundreds of thousands of migrants and refugees. By equating migrants with terrorists Orban tried to offer both a simple explanation and a simple solution.

Most of those coming were not refugees, fleeing war and persecution, he explained.